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Monolithic 2T architecture
Top and bottom cells are monolithically series-connected with only two external terminals—a more compact structure with a clearer encapsulation path.
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2T PEROVSKITE–SILICON TANDEM
One beam.Energy, layered.
Monolithic integration. Two junctions in sync. Built for next-generation, high-power-density photovoltaics.
Anti-reflection layer
Transparent electrode
Perovskite top cellWide-bandgap absorption
Recombination junction
Silicon bottom cellNear-infrared response
MONOLITHIC VIEWEXPLODED LAYER VIEW
Broader spectral utilizationLower thermalization lossesMore power per square metre
Three things to know.
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Divide the spectrum
High-energy photons go to wide-bandgap perovskite, while silicon continues to harvest near-infrared light. Every photon meets the absorber suited to it.
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Built for power density
More output from the same illuminated area unlocks value for rooftops, mobile energy and other space-constrained applications.
COMPANY FILM
From the lab.Into production.
Step inside tandem R&D and manufacturing, where materials, devices and nanoscale processes come together to advance next-generation photovoltaics.
2T ARCHITECTURE
Two absorbers.
One current path.
The perovskite top cell and silicon bottom cell are series-connected through a recombination junction. No external spectral splitter. No four-terminal wiring. The complexity stays inside the microstructure, leaving modules and systems elegantly simple.
NANOSCALE PROCESS
Nanoscale process
Critical functional layers can be as thin as 1 nm. Precise control of thickness and interfaces brings optics, electronics and stability into concert at the smallest scale.
01 / OPTICAL ENTRY
Let more light in, instead of reflecting it away.
Anti-reflection and transparent conductive layers work together to create a low-loss entry for short-wavelength light while maintaining lateral carrier transport.
SPECTRUM MANAGEMENT
Not simply more absorption.
Smarter absorption.
A single-junction silicon cell must handle the entire solar spectrum alone. A 2T tandem assigns each bandgap the work it does best—reducing thermalization losses from high-energy photons while preserving silicon's response to long-wavelength light.
TOP CELL≈ 1.68 eVWide-bandgap perovskite
BOTTOM CELL1.12 eVCrystalline silicon
PERFORMANCE PATH
30%+
A system-level design target for high-efficiency modules.
Target values vary with area, device architecture, material system and third-party test conditions.
Subcell voltages add, while current matching determines total output.
Retains familiar module interconnection logic and reduces system integration complexity.
More output per square metre for space-limited, high-value energy applications.
RELIABILITY
Laboratory numbers
must withstand the real world.
Efficiency is only the beginning. Interface stability, ion migration, encapsulation barriers and thermomechanical matching together determine how far a tandem device can go.
FROM LAYER TO DEVICE
Stability starts at the interface.
Microstructure, film uniformity and current–voltage response together provide the evidence for device diagnostics.
Thermal cycling
Tracks interlayer expansion mismatch, interface stress and electrical performance drift.
Damp heat
Validates encapsulation barriers, ion migration and long-term moisture and oxygen stability.
UV ageing
Evaluates the photochemical durability of wide-bandgap absorbers and interface materials.
Mechanical load
Covers transportation, installation, wind and snow loads, and module deformation.
APPLICATIONS
When every square metre
becomes more valuable.
ROOFTOP / BIPV
More energy from limited roof area.
When area is scarcer than module cost, power per square metre becomes system value.
MOBILE ENERGY
Lighter energy. Farther horizons.
For vehicle roofs, portable equipment and off-grid systems, with less dependence on deployable area.
HIGH ALTITUDE / SPACE
Advancing specific power.
Thinner cells, lower mass and broader spectral utilization for high-altitude and space power systems.
WHY UPGRADE
The same sun.
A different answer.
DimensionSingle-junction silicon2T perovskite / silicon
Spectral utilizationOne bandgapTwo bandgaps in concert
Electrical connectionSingle-junction outputSeries-connected subcells, two-terminal output
Core valueMature, stable and scalableHigher efficiency and areal-power potential
Key challengeContinued cost and efficiency improvementCurrent matching, interfaces and long-term stability
NEXT-GENERATION PV
Next-generation PV
starts with tandem.
Get technical roadmaps, device architecture and application materials.
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